Lying in the Bavarian administrative region of Middle Franconia , it is the largest city and unofficial capital of the entire cultural region of Franconia. Today, the U1 of the Nuremberg U-Bahn runs along this route. Subway lines U2 and U3 are the first German driverless subway lines, automatically moving railcars.
Nuremberg Castle , its medieval old town and the city's walls , with their many towers, are notable attractions. The first documentary mention of the city, in , mentions Nuremberg as the location of an imperial castle between East Francia and the Margraviate of the Nordgau of Bavaria.
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With the extinction of their male line around , the last Raabs count's son-in-law, Frederick I of the House of Hohenzollern , inherited the burgraviate in The city and particularly Nuremberg Castle would become one of the most frequent sites of the Imperial Diet after Regensburg and Frankfurt , the Diets of Nuremberg from to , after the first Nuremberg diet elected Frederick II as emperor.
Because of the many Diets of Nuremberg, the city became an important routine place of the administration of the Empire during this time and a somewhat 'unofficial capital ' of the Empire. In , the Jews of the town were accused of host desecration and of them were killed in one of the many Rintfleisch massacres. Behind the massacre of was also the desire to combine the northern and southern parts of the city, [ 9 ] which were divided by the Pegnitz.
The Jews of the German lands suffered many massacres during the plague pandemic of the midth century. In , Nuremberg's Jews suffered a pogrom. The largest growth of Nuremberg occurred in the 14th century. Charles IV 's Golden Bull of , naming Nuremberg as the city where newly elected kings of Germany must hold their first Imperial Diet, made Nuremberg one of the three most important cities of the Empire.
