Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Correspondence: anja. Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia and astrocytes, is associated with the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing evidence shows that activated microglia induce the expression and secretion of various lysosomal cathepsins, particularly during the early stage of neuroinflammation.
This trigger signaling cascade that aggravate neurodegeneration. To date, most research on neuroinflammation has focused on the role of cysteine cathepsins, the largest cathepsin family. Cysteine cathepsins are primarily responsible for protein degradation in lysosomes; however, they also play a role in regulating a number of other important physiological and pathological processes.
This review focuses on the functional roles of cysteine cathepsins in the central nervous system during neuroinflammation, with an emphasis on their roles in the polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation signaling, which in turn causes neuronal death and thus neurodegeneration. Keywords: microglia, cysteine cathepsins, neurotoxic polarization, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration.
Neuroinflammation is a common mechanism that plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases [ 1 , 2 ].
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Primarily, it is a defense mechanism that protects the brain from diverse pathogens [ 3 ]. However, it may trigger both beneficial and detrimental effects on neurons [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Much evidence points to the neuroinflammatory effects of glia cells, supporting cells for neurons in the central nervous system CNS [ 6 , 7 ].
