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The proliferation and transmission of viruses has become a threat to worldwide biosecurity, as exemplified by the current COVID pandemic. Early diagnosis of viral infection and disease control have always been critical. Virus detection can be achieved based on various plasmonic phenomena, including propagating surface plasmon resonance SPR , localized SPR, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy.
The present review covers all available information on plasmonic-based virus detection, and collected data on these sensors based on several parameters. These data will assist the audience in advancing research and development of a new generation of versatile virus biosensors. These viruses are fast-spreading and hence represent a threat to human health, with substantial global economic and social impacts. Infectious agents like these have specific binding receptor enzymes for binding to the host cell.
They enter into the system via our organs, followed by a pathogenetic process, where they weaken the immune system causing several basic symptoms such as cough, cold and fever, leading to lung inflammation and sometimes organ failure and even death 3 , 4.
COVID, for example, easily binds to lung cells, causing pneumonia and short breath. According to data obtained from various sources, over the past century viral pandemics have resulted in millions of deaths see Table S1. From there, it rapidly spread across the globe. Until 2nd November , To minimize the damage from this pandemic and increase preparedness for future reemergence of COVID and other pandemics, fast and well-timed diagnostic systems are urgently needed.
