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If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. We analyse unprotected anal intercourses UAI self-reported by a sample of men who have sex with men MSM , by their future testing intentions and past testing history to identify undertested subpopulations that could be contributing to onward transmission.
For never testers we analyse the reasons for not having been tested. Of MSM at risk, MSM with LI reported the longest period at risk 8. Among never testers Given their low willingness to seek an HIV test and low risk perception, they constitute a population that will probably require approaches other than client initiated strategies. In Furthermore, studies conducted in countries with similar epidemics show that a non-negligible fraction of the MSM population remains undiagnosed [ 2 , 3 ].
Uncovering the undiagnosed fraction of the epidemic is important because treatment reduces morbidity and mortality [ 4 , 5 ] and transmission from one individual to another [ 6 , 7 ]. Hence, it is not surprising that the promotion of HIV testing in MSM has been one of the cornerstones of preventive strategies [ 9 ].
Social cognition models, such as the theory of the planned behaviour [ 16 ] consider that the likelihood of carrying out a behaviour depends on the strength of the intention. Applied to HIV testing, this means that CIT is linked to the strength of testing intentions as evidence indeed suggests [ 17 ]. If an individual has low intentions of actively seeking an HIV test, these strategies might not be effective [ 18 ].
