Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Contributors: SC helped review the literature, helped collect and enter the data, performed the data analysis, formulated conclusions, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and revised the manuscript.
MH performed the data analysis, formulated the conclusions, and helped revise the manuscript. MB had the original idea for the study, helped review the literature, sought ethical approval and funding, helped with data collection, formulated the conclusions, supervised the overall conduct of the project, and helped revise the manuscript.
GH had the original idea for the study, supervised the overall conduct of the project, and helped revise the manuscript. MB and GH will act as guarantors for the paper. Violence by clients towards prostitutes has seldom been the focus of public and academic interest, yet it is a major health issue. The scant research that is available on violence by clients shows that prostitutes who work outdoors in particular routinely confront clients who are verbally, sexually, and physically violent towards them.
During three female researchers SC, MB, and Catherine Benso contacted female prostitutes; worked outdoors 40 in Leeds, 75 in Glasgow and worked indoors in saunas or flats 50 in Leeds, 75 in Edinburgh.
We designed a structured questionnaire using previously validated measures to record personal characteristics, working patterns, drug and alcohol use in the past six months , type and frequency of violence by clients ever or in the past six months , and levels of attack reported to police.
