You have full access to this open access article. The annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA experiment is a long-standing question in the community of dark matter direct detection. This necessitates an independent verification of its existence using the same detection technique.
The program includes efforts of raw powder purification, ultra-pure NaI Tl crystal growth, and detector assembly techniques.
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After extensive research and development of NaI Tl crystal growth, we have successfully grown a few small-size 0. A high light yield has been achieved by improvements of our detector assembly technique. Although numerous astronomical observations support the conclusion that most of the matter in the universe is invisible dark matter, an understanding of its nature and interactions remains elusive [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Dark matter phenomenon can be explained by new particles, such as weakly interacting massive particles WIMPs [ 4 , 5 ].
Even though tremendous efforts to search for evidence of WIMP dark matter by directly detecting nuclei recoiling from WIMP-nucleus interactions are being pursued, no definitive signal has been observed [ 6 , 7 ]. One exception is the DAMA experiment that, using an array of NaI Tl detectors [ 8 , 9 ], observes an annual modulation of event rates that can be interpreted as resulting from WIMP-nuclei interactions [ 10 , 11 ].
However, this result has been the subject of a continuing debate because the WIMP-nucleon cross sections inferred from the DAMA modulation are in conflict with limits from other experiments [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Experimental efforts by several groups using NaI Tl as the target medium are currently underway [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].
