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Adolescents and young adults AYA have an increased risk for Internet use disorders IUD compared to older individuals that may lead to functional impairments in daily life. To date, evidence-based brief interventions are lacking.
This study aimed to test the efficacy of a low-threshold counseling approach based on Motivational Interviewing MI in a vocational school setting. Readiness to change, self-efficacy, and impairments in daily life were additionally assessed with standardized screening instruments. Follow-up interviews were conducted after five and ten months. The primary outcome was the reduction of IUD criteria.
Overall, Both groups reduced the number of IUD criteria over time. In ITT analyses, however, we did not find intervention effects for primary and secondary outcomes. Bayes statistics were inconclusive. Based on low participation rates in the intervention group, explorative CACE analyses were conducted to compare compliers in the intervention group to potential compliers in the control group.
Again, we did not find intervention effects apart from improvements in self-efficacy after five months. Low participation rates in the intervention group caused underpowered analyses. Besides, dealing with the own Internet use during intensive assessments and receiving an information brochure led to behavioral changes also in the control group. Since the efficacy of brief interventions under the condition of higher participation rates cannot be fully ruled out, further research is required by taking the implications of this study into account.
To date, it is an important area of research that has not yet reached full clarification in terms of the classification and diagnostic criteria Fineberg et al. Both diagnostic systems differ in their definition of disordered gaming Jo et al.